The anti-balakas are therefore the bearers of grigris meant to stop Kalashnikov bullets. – Jeune Afrique The anti-balaka traditionally hunted down bandits and arrested them. Earlier this month, minutes after newly installed interim president, Catherine Samba-Panza, addressed an inaugural parade of re-launched FACA, a dozen of them set on a suspected ex-Seleka in their midst and kicked him to death, in full view of international media. In early 2013, the Anti-Balaka in Boda surrounded the city’s approximate 10,000 Muslims in a single district and shot at those approaching or attempting to cross the boundary, which is known as the “red line.” Soussou personally threatened to kill any Muslim crossing the red line. [9], Some commentators have said that village militias formed in the 1990s to protect against highwaymen were a precursor to the Antibalaka. In addition, Hissene conspired with Mokom to disrupt a constitutional referendum held in December 2015. Hissene and Mokom were specifically identified as suspects in the failed coup by the CAR Public Prosecutor’s office. An anti-balaka leader moves into politics and the security business. Français . Though "anti-balaka" is often translated as "antimachete", its origin is explained: [It is] from the language of the young illiterates, who formed Seleka's armed opposition, and who chased the Muslim 'anti-balles à ti laka' (anti ti laka bullets). document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); We just need to target those organizing theft, looting and extrajudicial killings. [21], Christian militias formed in the Central African Republic, Anti-Balaka militia in Gbaguili, a village located 340 km from Bangui. President Barack Obama signed an Executive Order stating that dangers posed by the instability in the CAR constitute a threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and declared a national emergency to deal with the threat. REUTERS/Camille Lepage Cinq ex-leaders de groupes anti-Balaka – Kevin Bere Bere, Romaric Mandago, Crepin Wakanam alias Pino Pino, Patrick Gbiako et Yembeline Mbenguia Alpha – ont été déclarés coupables de plusieurs chefs de crimes contre l’humanité et de crimes de guerre. An anti-balaka fighter from the town of Bossembele patrols in the Boeing district of Bangui, Central African Republic, February 24, 2014. “Whether the anti-balaka leaders are pursuing a deliberate policy of ethnic cleansing or exacting abusive collective punishment against the Muslim population [in response to the Seleka’s atrocities], the end result is clear: the disappearance of longstanding Muslim communities,” HRW’s Bouckaert said. Rien ne va plus entre l’ancien leader anti-Balaka Maxime Mokom, devenu ministre du Désarmement, et le Premier ministre Firmin Ngrebada. President Francois Bozize was toppled by the Seleka rebels in March 2013 and forced into exile. Militias kill UN peacekeeper, score of civilians in Central African Republic. Source: Agence de presse Xinhua . The term 'laka' in the street language of the Central African Republic means an AK-47. Seleka dirigés par le chef de guerre Nourredine Adam – aussi connus sous le nom de ‘Nairobists’ – avaient été à l’origine des troubles qui ont sévi dans le pays à la fin de l’année 2015. When the anti-balaka revolt began in December 2013, it was said to be the work of local gangs defending their villages. In a warning to those who may threaten the peace, stability and security of the Central African Republic, on 13 May 2014 the United States imposed sanctions on five individuals who are contributing to the terrible violence there. D’un côté, on crie à la trahison. Bozize has denied having a controlling hand over the group. The Boda Anti-Balaka also threatened organizations distributing food aid to the surrounding population. Earlier in the week they had accused Samba Panza of failing to meet the needs of Central Africans and allegedly embezzling millions of dollars in cash given to CAR by the Angolan government. [réf. this included Noureddine Adam [Seleka General and Former Minister of Public Security, born 1969]. “The individuals designated today are responsible for prolonging instability in the Central African Republic,” said OFAC Director John E. Smith. 22/12/2017 En Centrafrique, sur les traces de Bokassa Ier. Elles prennent les armes en 2013 contre les Seleka lors de la troisième guerre civile centrafricaine. Les milices anti-balaka sont formées en 2009 afin de lutter contre les « zaraguinas », des bandits de grands chemins et des coupeurs de routes actifs au nord et à l'ouest de la République centrafricaine. The Seleka’s rule was marked by corruption and human rights violations. Armed groups who opposed the Seleka, including the Young Patriots, came to be known collectively as the anti-Balaka. script.setAttribute("async", true); Ceci après la décision de la Minusca qui les a demandés de se retirer de la ville. En juillet et en août de la même année, son groupe, très actif dans cette zone, est à la pointe d’une attaque contre les Seleka à Batangafo. The US Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on 21 August 2015 designated Central African Republic (CAR) militia leaders pursuant to Executive Order (EO. On August 12, 2016, Hissene and a group of armed men traveling north from Bangui engaged CAR security forces in multiple gunfights. UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) staff reported in July 2013 that Bozize supporters committed extrajudicial killings in the beginning of the year. Avant cela, à Boningi, ils ont tué deux personnes. REUTERS/Siegfried Modola Joachim Kokate represented the anti-balaka at a regional summit in January. Anti-balaka (anti-machete) militiamen simulate an enemy attack as they pose for a photograph near the town of Yaloke, Central African Republic, April 25, 2014. May 3, 2018 Central African Republic Anti-balaka, Bangui, Central African Republic, Dieudonné Nzapalainga, Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Oumar Kobine Layama, PK5, Seleka At least 24 people are feared killed and more than a hundred injured following a fresh outbreak of violence in Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, on Tuesday, 1 May. Eugène Barret Ngaïkosset: Anti-Balaka leader nicknamed 'butcher of Paoua' One of many suspected of war crimes and crimes against humanity, Ngaïkosset is still "roaming free" in CAR. Habib Soussou was designated for being a leader of an Anti-Balaka armed group that had, or whose members had, threatened the peace, security, or stability of the CAR. Either way, “anti-balaka” roughly means “invincible”, a power purportedly bestowed by the charms that hang around the necks of most members. Le cas des deux leaders du mouvement anti-balaka, notamment le député Alfred Yékatom Rombhot et de l’ancien coordonnateur général des anti-balaka, Patrice Edouard Ngaïssona, qui vient d’être arrêté à Paris, le mercredi dernier, en témoigne bien le complot qui se prépare depuis l’extérieur dans le seul but de déstabiliser les institutions légitimement établies. How many of them were bona fide soldiers before the coup, and how many still consider themselves members of anti-balaka, was not clear. By ousting Bozize and instating Muslim Michel Djotodia, a force stemming from the minority populations of CAR’s north and east finally held the reins of power. [7] Anti-balaka groups have also kidnapped, burnt and buried alive in public ceremonies women accused of being 'witches'.[8]. That was before President Francois Bozize came to power. This is one explanation for the violence – and the cannibalism – directed not only against Seleka rebels but Muslim civilians as well. Les audiences de ce procès ont été retransmises intégralement à la radio et à la télévision. In June 2016, Hissene’s KM5 fighters and Mokom’s anti-Balaka supporters may have planned to disrupt the arrival of CAR President Faustin-Archange Touadéra’s flight to Bangui airport, leading the CAR Government to warn publicly of a possible coup attempt. 17-04-2017 12:21:59 ZULU. Later they were better organized. By 2014 the anti-balaka were pawns, manipulated by their political leaders. "Ngaissona is a major anti-Balaka leader. US sanctions against militia leaders 'sends strong message to armed groups in CAR' US imposed sanctions on ex-Séléka leader Abdoulaye Hissène and Maxime Mokom, anti-Balaka … The term gained currency by around 2010, when it was applied to self-defense units set up - in the absence of effective state security forces - to protect communities from attacks by highway bandits or cattle raiders. Muslims, many with no connection to the rebels, have been targeted in reprisals by anti-balaka and civilians. The term gained currency when it was applied to self-defense units set up - in the absence of effective state security forces - to protect communities from attacks by highway bandits or cattle raiders. The anti-balaka are said to consist of many groups, including at least 10 in Bangui, based on the city’s arrondissements, and many others across the country. In response, Christians, who account for about 80 per cent of the population, organised vigilante units dubbed “anti-balaka” in reference to a type of machete. According to Amnesty International, such attacks have led tens of thousands to leave CAR in “an exodus of historic proportions”. Under sanctions (1) by the United Nations Security Council since 2015, Yekatom controlled around 10 strategic points during the conflict between 2013 and 2014. D’un côté, on crie à la trahison. Up to 6,000 civilians had been killed in the fighting and over one millions people have fled their homes. Mokom’s anti-Balaka forces worked with elements of Hissene’s Popular Front for the Rebirth of the CAR (FPRC) ex-Séléka group to intimidate voters and disrupt polling in the town of Kaga Bandoro during the December 13 vote. Yekatom also used 153 children as fighters in his group before handing them over to the UN in August 2014. Thirsting for revenge and high on drugs, the anti-balaka militia tipped over into a murderous frenzy. Department of State Office of the Spokesperson For Immediate Release Statement by Heather Nauert, spokesperson March 21, 2018 . ... Bozize was sanctioned by the United Nations for his alleged support of the Christian anti-Balaka militias in the year in which he was overthrown. Two ministers in the government of ousted president Francois Bozize, Patrice Edouard Ngaissona and Joachin Kokate, claim to be the anti-balaka’s national-level political and military coordinators, respectively. In the second half of 2013, long-standing village militias and self-defence groups known as anti-balaka, mostly Christian and animist, reorganised to challenge the Seleka, and were reinforced by former army soldiers (FACA) and Presidential Guards mostly loyal to ex-President Bozizé. Groups that made up the anti-Balaka and the Séléka – whose former leader, Michel Djotodia, also returned to CAR last year after a lengthy exile – have since splintered into multiple, smaller factions – 14 of which signed a peace deal with the government in Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, in February 2019. Les audiences de ce procès ont été retransmises intégralement à la radio et à la télévision. When they began carrying out armed operations, the targets of their attacks were mainly Muslim civilians and Seleka. He mediated the ongoing conflict between the Christian Anti-Balaka and mostly Muslim Seleka groups in the country. Finally, the favoritism in regards to an Anti-Balaka leader could very quickly stir up rivalries between groups that consider themselves neglected by the powers in Bangui. Elles doivent en outre s'opposer aux milices d'auto-défense anti-balaka [31]. Les milices anti-balaka sont formées en 2009 afin de lutter contre les « zaraguinas », des bandits de grands chemins et des coupeurs de routes actifs au nord et à l'ouest de la République centrafricaine. After the coup, many members of the former government army, known by its French acronym, FACA, joined the anti-balaka. Their prosecution at the ICC is in stark contrast to the absence of proceedings against Seleka leaders and their allies, … Cinq ex-leaders de groupes anti-Balaka – Kevin Bere Bere, Romaric Mandago, Crepin Wakanam alias Pino Pino, Patrick Gbiako et Yembeline Mbenguia Alpha – ont été déclarés coupables de plusieurs chefs de crimes contre l’humanité et de crimes de guerre. Ngaissona and Yekatom are the highest ranking anti-balaka leaders to face trial for crimes committed during the country’s most recent conflict. The movement has its roots in self-defense militias that have been around, primarily in the west, since the 1990s. Their collaboration was part of a failed coup attempt designed to overthrow the CAR Government while then-Transitional President Catherine Samba-Panza was attending the 2015 UN General Assembly. Si le mal centrafricain est politique, il n’est nul doute que les forces armées impliquées et véritables jouets aux mains des pouvoirs du nord, n’apportent rien de fantastique à la crise qui broie ce petit pays perdu au cœur du continent noir. [6] Unable to provide security throughout the remote areas of the country, President François Bozizé organized, self-protection groups in 2009 to combat crime on the village level; these took the name Antibalaka. Their political leader is Patrice Ngassona, former minister for youth and head of the football association. Clashes in December 2013 between anti-balaka and the ex-Seleka led to reprisal attacks in which about 1,000 people died in Bangui. Après que le leader anti-balaka Maxime Mokom a appelé lundi la Minusca à agir contre les mercenaires étrangers, celle-ci lui a répondu ce mercredi 23 août. Parmi les leaders anti-balakas en 2014, on recense Patrice Edouard Ngaissona, Joachim Kokaté, Romaric Vomitiadé, Alfred Yekatom ou Rodrigue Ngaïbona. CENTRAFRIQUE. Plusieurs éléments de la force armée centrafricaine (FACA) qui œuvrent dans le passé du mouvement patriotique dénommé Anti-Balaka, ont été arrêtés manu militari par les forces de la sécurité intérieure appuyées par les FACA, ce samedi dernier, au domicile du ministre du Tourisme et de la Culture, Dieudonné Ndomate, l’un des leaders des Anti-balaka aile NGAISSONA. The leader of the Séléka, Michel Djotodia, became the first Muslim president of the country. As a result of today’s action, all property and interests in property of these individuals within U.S. jurisdiction are blocked, and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from engaging in transactions with them. [18] This was amidst the Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration. Il s’agit d’Yvon NGéïssona Chef d’état-major du mouvement Anti-balaka, Brice Emotion Namsion Porte-parole et Gustave Yadoungou un chef de bataillon. While the violence was most pronounced in Bangui, it was also concentrated in Ouham prefecture, a region with ties to former president Bozize. Ngaissona and Yekatom are the highest ranking anti-balaka leaders to face trial for crimes committed during the country’s most recent conflict. [4][5], This militia formed in the Central African Republic after the rise to power of Michel Djotodia in 2013. Seleka, anti-balaka et compagnie : les quatre maléfiques. On 9 February 2021 the ICC will begin the trial of two former anti-balaka leaders, Alfred Yekatom and Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona, for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Et la tension monte d’autant plus autour du « cas » de ce neveu de François Bozizé que l’échéance de la présidentielle approche. There were reportedly mass graves of opponents of the Bozize government in Bessembele. Most Seleka members were Muslim, chiefly because Islam is the more popular religion in the marginalized northern areas where rebel groups sprang up. Anti-balaka spokesmen have called for members to be integrated into the army "with appropriate rank" or given demobilization packages. Four (4) leaders of the anti-balaka group, whose names were on the list forwarded by the Public Prosecutor to the First Instance Court of Bangui to the Special Representative of the Chairperson of the Commission and Head of MISCA, General Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko, were apprehended. Eugène Barret Ngaïkosset: Anti-Balaka leader nicknamed 'butcher of Paoua' One of many suspected of war crimes and crimes against humanity, Ngaïkosset is still "roaming free" in CAR. • Maxim Mokom – leader of Mokom branch. According to Amnesty International, such attacks have led tens of thousands to leave CAR in “an exodus of historic proportions”. Renversé en 2013 par une coalition de groupes armés dominée par les musulmans, la Séléka, François Bozizé Yangouvonda est accusé notamment par les Nations unies d'avoir organisé une contre-insurrection sanglante depuis son exil, celle des milices anti-balaka majoritairement chrétiennes et animistes. Additionally, Yekatom’s forces operate armed checkpoints to illegally tax vehicles travelling on the roads and waterways from Bangui to Cameroon. As many Christians had more settled lifestyles and many Muslims were nomadic, competing claims to the land were another dimension of the tensions. document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? C’est déjà un des leaders importants de la mouvance anti-balaka, mais les mois suivants, Andilo monte en puissance. Mais dans les mois qui suivent, Andilo monte encore en puissance. } Un des leaders des anti-balaka, Bérenger-Ludovic-Igor Lamaka Boutoungara, a été nommé chargé de mission au ministère du DDRR, s'occupant particulièrement de la démobilisation. In the prefecture of Lobaye, all anti-balaka commanders there came from FACA. En avril 2014 à Bouca, il inflige une cuisante défaite à un lieutenant du puissant chef Seleka Mahmat Al Khatim. At the end of 2013, long-standing village self-defence groups restructured to fight the Seleka, calling themselves “anti-balaka”, and were reinforced by former FACA and Presidential Guards loyal to Bozizé. "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; Yekatom’s militia is suspected of conducting an ethnic cleansing campaign against Muslims; in October 2014, Yekatom oversaw the killing of civilians in Mbaiki, Lobaye Prefecture. [6] Amnesty International reported in 2015 that some members of anti-balaka groups have forcibly converted Muslims to Christianity. Central African Republic's Former Leader to Run for President. The United States commends the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) for its recent arrest of anti-Balaka leader Jean-Francis Diandi. Early 2014 marked a turning point; hardened by war and massacres, the anti-balaka committed multiple atrocities. April 4, 2018 Geraldine Boechat. Page last modified: The fight between the two warring Seleka and Anti-Balaka militia broke out into a full scale civil war after the coup in March 2013. "It is the time for justice. Seleka members continued to engage in conflict with armed militia groups throughout the country, including with a group called the Young Patriots established in the final days of the Bozize regime to counter the Seleka and their supporters. 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