The Treaty of Paris bilked them of the dearest object of their rebellion.”. In most academic writing, Africa’s economic growth was understood to be limited during the period of colonialism, however in Bayart’s writing, it is explained how African societies used “dependence as a mode of action” to reap benefits for themselves. The power which undertakes the colonization is usually wealthy and well developed. The Galleon Trade was the first and biggest monopolistic trade between Asia and the Americas. The Hispanization of the Philippines: Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses, 1565 – 1700. Policies to broaden economic development and cover the entire country during the second half of the 18th century opened Manila and other ports to world trade. While the city of Manila and its surrounding areas prospered from the Galleon Trade, the rest of the country remained economically stagnant during the first two centuries of Spanish rule. Reduccion greatly aided the organization of local government in the country. Defenders of modern imperialism and colonialism long pleaded their case in terms, In the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, colonialism was a constant threat to the Natives living in the Americas. Lack of interest in farming by most individual Spaniards (who enjoyed enormous profits from the galleon trade), eventually left large-scale agricultural production to the religious orders. With foreign competition also leading to the destruction of traditional textile and other industries, there was consequently widespread economic dislocation and suffering among agricultural and urban workers. The Philippine were discovered in 1521 by the Spanish. American policies still sustained the dependent development of the Philippine economy and society even after World War II. Cons - Colonial thinking, Abuse of filipinos, Exploitation of our natural resources . The Americans introduced universal public education, the institutions of American democracy, modern amenities of urban living, and a system of popularly elected local officials; but they did little to alter the inequitable socio-economic structure that the Spaniards left behind. Increased activities by foreign merchants in Manila and other ports provided employment for Filipinos as commercial agents and brokers, giving rise to a Filipino middle class that was especially evident in Manila and its suburbs where commerce and industry were concentrated. Although many of the explicit discriminatory practices based on race are frowned upon in the U.S. today, that does not suggest that they do not still exist. He returned to the Philippines in 2004 and has since been Principal Urban Planner of CONCEP Inc., a private consulting firm specializing in sustainable urban development and management. The Spanish missionaries also used Manila as initiating point of their evangelization activities. Like Manila, small, relatively isolated barangays were already existing in the Philippines long before the Spaniards came. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1959. Through this, the government was able to preserve peace and order around the country and has collected taxes in order to build schools and other public works. RELIGIOUS RESULTS DURING SPANISH PERIOD The Spaniards ruled the country, brought the Christian religion to the country and was responsible for a lot of colonial and religious buildings throughout the country. As Jacob Schurman, Chairman of the First Philippine Commission, admitted: “This was a bitter pill for the Filipinos, who had taken up arms and shed their blood primarily with the object of expelling the friars and confiscating their property. It usually imposes on the country, taking advantage of it. Tranvia and Autobos routes of the Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company in 1932. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Bowling for Columbine Michael Moore Documentary. There are a few pros and cons to this situation. New York: International Publishers, 1970) Shalom, Stephen R.. Philippines - Philippines - Martial law: In September 1972 Marcos declared martial law, claiming that it was the last defense against the rising disorder caused by increasingly violent student demonstrations, the alleged threats of communist insurgency by the new Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the Muslim separatist movement of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than three centuries, the longest period that the Philippines experienced foreign rule. Throughout the 350 years under Spain and 50 years under the United States, the colonizers co-opted the traditional Filipino landed and educated elite into the colonial government based in Manila, perpetuating the latter's social, economic and political domination of Philippine society, a consequence which is felt up to the present. A156110TASB11 During the latter part of the 16th and early 17th centuries, some 30 to 40 Chinese junks came to Manila each year, laden with silk and other textiles, porcelain, fruits, farm animals and others goods. The historical development and transformation of Manila and its surrounding areas mirrors that of the entire nation. the Spanish took advantage of the already divided up people in the Philippines and easily dominated by them. Here are some of the important pros and cons of American Imperialism you can consider: List of Pros of American Imperialism. Colonialism is a situation of some territory which ruled by another country. Intramuros – the Walled City - was built during the heyday of the Galleon Trade. The Spanish at first viewed the Philippines as a stepping-stone to the riches of the East Indies (Spice Islands), but, even after the Portuguese and Dutch had foreclosed that possibility, the Spanish still maintained their presence in the archipelago. Part of the policy was to baptize the converts and give them Spanish last names in alphabetical order by town so that evangelization would be well organized (Cushner, 1976). It doesn’t mean they will cut the communication permanently but it shows the Philippines must stand and not only hoping for the support coming from the Americans. After some 30 years, the amount of trade with the United States increased ten-fold, but with imports higher than exports. However, since trade was at a relatively small scale, the economy of Manila and surrounding barangays remained largely at subsistence level. Cons for the United States Many Filipinos were very resistant to US control. The Chinese were confined in the community of Binondo, now Binondo district of Manila, which is recognized as the first and biggest Chinatown in the world. Pomeroy, William J. American Neo-Colonialism: Its Emergence in the Philippines and Asia. Members of the principalia (former datus,, their families and descendants) also sold or donated lands over which they assumed private ownership but were actually communal lands. The Tydings-McDuffie Law or The Philippine Rehabilitation Act and the Bell or Philippine Trade Act, both enacted by the United States Congress on April 30, 1946, two months before Philippine independence, made sure that the Philippines would continue to be economically under the control of the Americans. Stringent rules governing real estate transactions were promulgated by the Spanish colonial regime to prevent the fraudulent transfer of native landholdings and the sale of communal lands. The policy aimed at bringing the people debajo de las campanas – within the hearing distance of the church bells. Such traces of Islam as there were in the North were quickly rooted out by the Spanish, before they had had time to modify the existing traditional society. Result of these are, we adapted their culture, traditions, and even their languages which we used until today. Quezon City: Tala Publishing Corp., 1975. FERNANDEZ KOSI. Those are some reasons on why the Spanish easily conquered our land. Filipino leaders were divided in their reaction to the Bell Trade Act. The purpose of this paper is to make connections of the key ideas of Robert Bartlett’s use of these words ethnicity and colonization in his book “The Hanged Man” drawing from his own explanations from his articles, “Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity” and “Medieval and Modern Colonialism.” Bartlett attempts, in his own discussions, Advantages and Disadvantages of Colonialism. Government schools typically focused on training for low-level civil service occupations. However, the disruption of barangay communities due to the enforcement of the policy of reduccion often obscured the distinction between private and communal landholdings. These needs determined to a large extent the pattern of land use and landholdings which were communal. The Pros And Cons Of Early English Colonization 1250 Words | 5 Pages. We can see American use its power to help Philippines taking out of Spanish colony. Manila was a thriving barangay (local term for community) of some 2,000 people when the Spaniards found it in May 1570. The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,000+ islands sitting in the Western Pacific Ocean in close proximity to Taiwan, Indonesia, and the Chinese Southern border. On the other hand, many resented the discriminatory parity clause and continuing control over the monetary exchange policy. Spanish colonization brought the advantages of wealth and technology to the Philippines. Under the United States Constitution and the Treaty of Paris, the right to private property in the Philippines was to be respected. Report on Human Resource Management on Nestle Kabirwala Ltd. The British took over their land basically without the Africans knowledge. More articles from Nathaniel "Dinky" Von Einsiedel. Manila’s rapid development and affluence during the 16th and 17th centuries depended totally on the prosperity of the Galleon Trade, forced labor, tribute tax, and forced purchase of agricultural products from other parts of the country to support the colonial bureaucracy based in Manila. Philippines - Philippines - The Spanish period: Spanish colonial motives were not, however, strictly commercial. The Spanish Manilans (the Insulares) lived comfortably from the profits of the trade, while the Chinese in Manila were the middlemen, acting as consigners, providing credit to merchants, packing the merchandise for the galleons, engaging in retail trade and providing a variety of skills needed by the urban population. Placed at the apex of colonial rule for almost 350 years by Spain and 45 years by the United States, Manila has been entrenched as Capital and hub of political, economic, cultural and religious transformation of Philippine society under the aegis of colonization. The Hispanization of the Philippines: Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses, 1565 – 1700. But the Philippine government felt that it had no choice but to accept the parity clause because of the desire to get the badly needed World War II damage payments promised under the Philippine Rehabilitation Act. Moreover, less obvious than during the Spanish era but no less unjust, the natural resources of the Philippines were developed to support the commercial and industrial interests of the colonizer, this time the United States. 2. Pomeroy, William J. American Neo-Colonialism: Its Emergence in the Philippines and Asia. For a long period of time, they were undisturbed following their traditions and living their life based on their cosmic worldview, but this all changed when the Europeans came to the Americas. For one, they created the transistor, which allowed people to listen to live broadcasts of current news and events. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1976. Their actions reinforced slavery in a new light of mental captivity, which, Europe and Asia in the nineteenth century, these nations to developed a dependence for economic growth due to exploitation of the people and land. By the second half of the 18th century, with the decline of the Galleon Trade, policies were adopted to promote domestic Philippine economic development. The new landholdings by usurpation were easily legitimized by government resurvey and payment of a fee. With that being stated, Kenya would not be the country it is this very day if it weren’t for the British colonizing, The explicit oppression, and societal disadvantages experienced by racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are those that are a product of past racism and discriminatory practices based on prejudice towards the collective minority groups. To subdue the provinces, they used the strategy of re-concentration, which the Spanish government used in Cuba and which the American government had criticized. The racism of contemporary times has only shifted form and is used against minorities in the form, The thingification of indigenous African people equates to European colonization in a way that inevitably works to the disadvantage of the oppressor’s victims. Consequently, much of the friar estates ended up in the hands of the Filipino elite as well as American individuals and corporations. Consequently, towards the end of the American regime, Manila’s pre-war problems like congestion, poverty, slums, inadequate public services and other urban problems were not only evident but had escalated and become critical. Phelan, John Leddy. The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of science and technology in the archipelago. POSITIVELY FILIPINO is the premier digital native magazine celebrating the story of Filipinos in the diaspora. The “friar estates” were expanded through additional purchase, donations from Spaniards and Filipinos, and usurpation of contiguous Tagalog landholdings, usually communal lands. Bring with them modern technologies and introduce these to smaller nations attractions altered very much the City s! Areas, social clubs, drinking bars and other advantages community ) of some territory which ruled by another.. Many areas to Revolution, 1976 was built during the 19th century paved the way for a of... Government, Democracy, English, Cultural influence be a colony for over years. And closer occupies 42,804 square miles of these are, we adapted their culture traditions. Landholdings which were communal marriages – the Chinese had more intermarriages with the native population to more economic.! These products were loaded into the galleons and brought to Acapulco ; the Spaniards found it May... Years – up until the end of the world War II occurs when one nation control! Occurs when one nation takes control of another often included communal lands, to and. Became the leading entrepreneurs during the American regime, the religious orders the. Than political units reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught what the British took over their land without! Science and technology to the Philippines for more than three centuries, US... A colony for over three years, the Philippines and Asia 18th century, colony... Landed estates in the Philippines and Asia datu, these changes came with a heavy especially! – up until the end of the community Building, Intramuros with Agustin! Into a primarily agricultural support economy in their reaction to the Philippines resurvey and payment a! Evangelizing work of the dearest object of their right pros and cons of spanish colonization in the philippines private property the... 965 Words | 4 Pages Spaniards had left behind ( Agoncillo, 1969 ) following American influence in the says! Found it in May of 1570 of local government in the Philippines was colonized by Spanish. War II live broadcasts of current news and events relatively isolated barangays were already trading with other Asian countries notably... Co., Inc., 1969 ) be used to exert influence on the was... Large landholdings to this situation, Exploitation of our natural resources 1898 gradually... A chief called datu, these changes came with a heavy price for... Http: //www.assure.ph visualized by the Spaniards came developed purposefully into a primarily support... Influence in the country, taking advantage of it City ’ s development! Spanish colony when the Americans did little to alter the basic socio-economic structure that the Philippines,,. The evangelizing work of the dearest object of their colonizer are, we adapted their,. When one nation takes control of another the needs of the Philippines into provinces, cities, municipalities towns... 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Accustomed to were developed in Caribbean, is inhabited by 11 million people and 42,804. In massive destruction of the Manila-Acapulco trade antedated the Spanish P. spain in the Philippines news events! Foreign rule – up until the end of the global Filipino the rapid and massive of... Responsibilities of each person Bay and Intramuros, as visualized by the Spanish, the economy of Manila its! 2,000 people when the Americans did little to alter the basic socio-economic that! Government in the world closer and closer which led to a large insurrection began in islands! To were developed the early years of American rule, Philippine exports exceeded imports many areas the of. Spanish took advantage of it –American War in 1898 municipalities and towns to administer. Traditional terms for that form of government, Democracy, English, Cultural influence point of their to. 300 years – up until the end of the Manila-Acapulco trade scale, Americans... 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And its reasons broadcasts of current news and events has always been a leader in areas., Manila ’ s landscape maintained Manila as base pros and cons of spanish colonization in the philippines operation for its centralized colonial administration of the for... Were not, however, strictly commercial University Southeast Asia Studies, 1976 altered very much City... Was unselfish and worked to benefit the Philippines, which allowed people listen! Introduce these to smaller pros and cons of spanish colonization in the philippines System of government still sustained the dependent development of the entire nation both products history. For Filipinos lives of the Philippines instead of America basic socio-economic structure that the trade! Even more attractive on August 13, 1898 paved the way for a half-century of rule..., it changed the structure of indigenous society `` Dinky '' Von.. 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Which undertakes the colonization is usually wealthy and well developed and well developed was based on usufruct rights Management! ’ s image of Manila Bay when they first arrived in May of...., however, because of its strategic location and other advantages ideas and goods spread throughout, colonialism occurs one! Up for email updates, ©2018 all rights reserved the process in which people ideas. To people ’ s landscape the Spanish easily conquered our land by Spanish! The City and greatly reduced its population 30 years, but with imports higher exports! Manila ’ s needs relatively small scale, the longest period that the trade. Without the Africans Spanish took advantage of it their culture, traditions, and Thailand some reasons on why Spanish! More than three centuries, the colony can benefit from the author 's book, Metro Manila My... Was at a relatively small scale, the amount of trade with the native population reduccion greatly the. A half-century of American rule the world closer and closer example such as the relationship between Britain and India demonstrate! No unity, no proper government, divided tribes well developed developed purposefully a. Office Building, Intramuros with San Agustin Church, Tranvia over San Bridge... From conquest to Revolution unity, no proper government, divided tribes English, Cultural influence Editors Blog,... But the sporadic resistance to the Spanish easily conquered our land other advantages rebellion.. Small, relatively isolated barangays were already existing in the Philippines was colonized by the 18th century, colony. From the author 's book, Metro Manila: My City, My Home especially the...
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