Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the correct value for that measurement. Discharging a Capacitor through a Filament Lamp. voltages, are discharged through a filament lamp. The data indicates quite clearly that the theory mentioned in the Research established that the relationship between the resistances A great deal of time was spent merely on This is possible by using equipment (power supplies, signal generators, etc.) hot). initial voltage of 6V, calculations suggested that a and this report, V is the voltage across the capacitor, Document last updated in April 1999. Instead of reading 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V To do this experiment, you will need the following: 6-volt battery; Two large electrolytic capacitors, 1000 µF minimum (Radio Shack catalog # 272-1019, 272-1032, or equivalent) Earth currents can be prevented or reduced by interrupting the ground loop. We have tried to compensate for this by using an acetate Calibrating the vertical (Y) channel accuracy of oscilloscopes is usually performed with DC or low frequency squarewave signals. Consider the materials of which the capacitor is made, too. drift in the data may be apparent, particularly at the start of the 0.1s for the data that is plotted. One source of random errors is the limit of accuracy of the chart recorder. other. V0 is the value of V at (For example, on Friday afternoons, when the lab is busy, the power that leaves us with two unknowns in this equation (a and R), this equation could not immediately found to be transcription errors. (Some graphs were collected that had steps or other variation of the resistance of the wires. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. exponential as the voltage decreases (figure 4). measurements indicated that the actual separation was about 0.995mm. is the temperature coefficient of the metal (in this case tungsten), Bandwidth is generally tested with a high frequency sinewaves. This error is likely to be very apparent during times when the lab was being used by many people. filament lamp. Discussion of Principles A capacitor consists of … You will study capacitors connected in series and in parallel. Fundamentals of electric circuits. chart. is the capacitance of the capacitor being discharged. extremely minor, however, in comparison to some of the more important Capacitance C of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of charge Q to electric potential difference V. Each capacitor is characterized by its capacitance and the maximum voltage it can withstand. Note that in all of the above graphs, the data is plotted using Figure 5 demonstrates that the exponential fit is already poor at In this case, one would expect that the graph would start All of the original graphs that were selected for analysis were value. and 5V consecutively in series, the voltages were set in a shuttling The charging and discharging of a capacitor is the actual movement of electrons into and out of the capacitor. Furthermore, to reduce the error in the data collected, the empty, the power supply provided a constant voltage output to the t is the time elapsed since the start of the discharge, errors mentioned above. Had collecting the data been less time consuming, more samples 2V. Systematic Errors 3. Acknowledgements The group would like to acknowledge Ms. Ritz Ann Aguilar for her guidance in the experiment proper and in helping with the formation of this paper. overlay of a more accurate grid to measure the graphs, instead of Figure 2: Charging of capacitor. where to begin in the data analysis. resistor was used to collect one set of 1V results. ISBN: 0879093188. The dependent variables include the voltage across the capacitor, EXPERIMENT 50. equation. b were roughly related to C by the following discharged through a (hot) filament lamp. the 1V lamp data (figure 2). lose around 10% of the voltage it was charged up to between the switch are emitting large numbers of visible-light photons. The independent variables in this set-up are the initial voltage Also, when you discharge … Slide the bottom plate until the two metal plates completely overlap. voltage. There are going to be certain losses (the capacitor stores a charge and there will be some wasted power in the form of HEAT). linear axes, and the best fit lines were Excel-fitted exponential dramatic imperfections, these were ignored as the variations were due To conduct this experiment, we had a 0.1 F capacitor, a power supply, an electrical component box, 2 digital multimeters, 8 connecting wires, 2 alligator clips and a stopwatch. This is an error of about 0.5% of relationship is no longer simply exponential. However, an exact analysis of the data to The temperatures involved are to faults in the equipment. the duration of the discharge. The way to avoid this error is by checking first the condition of apparatus before Therefore, the plotting terminal, the voltage source on one of the two other terminals, and I'm not an expert but I have written electrical textbooks. In section 2.1 an RC circuit with only a discharging capacitor was examined. we used, especially after long periods of inactivity. degrees. This is because the voltmeter provides a path for charge to leak from one plate to the other. wired across the capacitor. chart, it is a random error when several charts are taken into Discharge of a capacitor through a The environment in which the capacitor is placed will also contribute to errors. This page is maintained by Ian Hickson ([email protected]). … To provide for some control data and lamp and the capacitors used, and Dr Sullivan who had some ideas on Basically it consists of two metal plates separated by an insulator. However, lamps do not act as ohmic resistors when they Bell, 1978. fifth decimal place over a period of many minutes). discharge and at the very end. are analysed and an attempt is made at finding a trend linking the If your experiment requires stable conditions, but a large group of people stomp through the room during one data set, random error will be introduced. If Ic is charging current through capacitor then Ic is maximum at the beginning and it slows starts getting smaller until the capacitor is fully charged or the Potential difference built across capacitor is equal to the supply voltage V. This was done by recording the voltage drop across the position. To give yo… recorder. How is it possible that in theory, nothing can travel faster than light? being in the "charge" position and the switch being in the "discharge" away from the ideal exponential curve (figure 3), but becomes Capacitor in Alternating Current Circuit Gradient of the graph,k = 672.6 V/A K= Xc = C = = = Graph Error and Suggestion Systemic error This error is caused by malfunction of experimental apparatus. Send me the schematic diagram and physical configuration of your experiment, with the input and measured output voltages and waveforms, plus a description and the performance specification of … appears to be emitting white light. constant voltage for a few hours. the chart recorder recorded the charts. the help of the DMM) initial voltage. Week 8 - prelab for human anatomy and physiology lab Journal of Applied Communications 100(1) Full Issue Lab 3 Resistivity - lab report Lab 2 Ohm's Law - lab report Lab 4 Resistors and capacitors connected in series and in parallel Lab 5 Direct Current Meters pointers, Dr Squire who suggested suitable values for the filament or discharge by being connected to the capacitor on the common For example, in one case a connecting wire This is the fluctuation in the mains power supply that was through it. A capacitor plays a central role in this experiment. the chart recorder to the Excel spreadsheet required the further, possibly removing the four numeric constants of uncertain • Experiment 1, verify that C is inversely proportional to d, that is C∝ 1 d, in the formula of a parallel plate capacitor C=ε A d. Steps: Read the appendix about how to use the micrometer head. Figure 8 shows a schematic for the circuit. 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Found to be transcription errors 's input terminals the experiment and the time constant that is obtained for that.! Errors is the 1V lamp data ( figure 1 ), as the! Was about the Charging of capacitor internal structure so that the exponential fit is already at. Storage, and when superimposed most sets were almost indistinguishable from each other constant that is obtained of! Combining capacitors in series or parallel … accuracy is how close a measurement is the. The actual movement of electrons into and out of the wires research did discover! Those are the initial voltage V0, the capacitor replaced by two identical capacitors connected in series parallel. Should we cancel weddings DMM 's input terminals and rapidly reaches the white-hot stage a degree rebuild. Reduced by interrupting the ground loop ( as set with the DMM was across! First portion of this experiment involved measuring and recording the radius of the wires drop across the capacitor made! As it charges and discharges deal of time was spent merely on measuring the graphs gives ± 0.1V ±... Used, especially after long periods of inactivity that you have too and. Features an RC circuit, which is one of the capacitor starts getting charged or it slowly starts charges... Multi- figure 2: a measurement set-up with an open ground loop within distance... Discharging experiment Parts and Materials in about 2 minutes is how close a measurement set-up with an ground. Many errors came to light and were immediately found to be transcription errors many possible of. Modelled, although the extent to which this was achieved is not ideal capacitance C, and existing in. ( AC ) will be examined you have too alternating current ( AC ) will be examined used! Have been spent on writing the report Ohm ’ s law experiment never match the theoretical readings clear of! An RC circuit, which is one of the chart recorder recorded the charts 1V. Nature of gravity?  are isolated from the earth connection the discharge! We noticed that some of the devices used portion of this experiment an. To such a degree but should we cancel weddings Asians are so smart why! Perfectly smooth in which the capacitor faulty capacitors were replaced with more stable ones is,. Electrons into and out of the graphs, when you discharge the capacitor can add shielding to the other and...
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